Dennis Werner

Click here for Home Page

Sexuality/

Sexualidade

Article Abstracts / Resumos de Artigos

Lekythos, Vase, 490 B.C

Payment for a Hetare

  Greek Amphora

ca. 540 B.C.

for reprints/para envio de copias

 

2006 The evolution of male homosexuality and its implications for human psychological and cultural variations, Chapter 13. IN Volker Sommer and Paul L. Vasey (eds.) Homosexual Behaviour in Animals. Cambridge: Cambridge University press. pgs.316-346.

The phylogenetic history of human homosexuality is closely linked to the evolution of cooperative behavior among non-related males. An early stage involves the marking of territories and female mimicry. These early displays are later modified to function also as markers of dominance/submission and finally to mark alliances.

The “dominance hierarchy/cooperation” theory helps explain several aspects of human homosexuality. First cognitive associations of dominance hierarchies with homosexual behaviors may help explain some apparent cross-cultural universals in profanity. Second, statistical studies from various societies suggest there may be universal differences between exclusive passive homosexuals and other men within a society that are related to dominance, as well as differences between gender typical males who do or do not have sexual relations with the exclusive passive homosexuals. Finally, statistical studies suggest that cross-cultural variations in the ways males cooperate may explain why societies adopt “egalitarian,” “gender-stratified,” “age-stratified” or “modern gay” systems

KEY WORDS: homosexuality, primate homosexuality, dominance hierarchies, culture and homosexuality.

2003. Homosexuality. IN. Encyclopedia of sex and gender : men and women in the world's cultures vol. I edited by Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 204-215. (co-author with Fernando Cardoso)

Throughout history scholars have grown less concerned with moral issues and more concerned with explaining why animals and cultures vary with regard to homosexuality. In the 1970's researchers attempted to explain why the acceptance and frequency of homosexual activities varied from one culture to another. More recent studies have tried to explain why cultures vary in the ways homosexual activities are organized. These later studies have mostly concentrated on distinguishing societies where homosexual activities are "gender-stratified," "age-stratified" or "egalitarian." A theory linking the evolution of homosexuality to territorial marking, dominance hieararchies and alliance formation suggests that cultural variations may be linked to differences in male-investment in offspring and to differences in male-male cooperation. Statistical analyses shows that "egalitarian" systems are most common where males invest more directly in their offspring. "Gender-stratified" systems are most common where males and females share activities in common, and "age-stratified" systems are found in societies with greater segregation between the sexes.

1998 Sobre a evolução e variação cultural na homossexualidade masculina. IN Joana Maria Pedro e Miriam Pillar Grossi (orgs). Masculino, Feminino Plural. Florianópolis: ed. Mulheres, pgs.99-129..

1996 Laços sociais e bem-estar entre prostitutas femininas e travestis em Florianópolis. Florianopolis: Antropologia em Primeira Mão, UFSC.

1990 Variação Cultural na Sexualidade Humana, Sexus: Revista Multidisciplinar da Sexualidade Humana (especial, set/out-nov/dez): 15-22.

1984 Paid Sex Specialists among the Mekranoti. Journal of Anthropological Research 40(4): 394-405.

1984 Mulheres Solteiras entre os Mekranoti-Kayapo, Anuário Antropológico 82.:69-81.

1979 A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Theory and Research on Male Homosexuality. Jouranl of Homosexuality, vol. 4(4): 345-362.